Working principle of total station in surveying pdf

Linear measurement different methods of direct measurement instrument for chaining, ranging, chaining on uneven slopping ground, errors in chaining, corrections. Total station measurements and their precision and. The area to be surveyed is divided into a number of small triangles. May 2005 surveying equipment, measurements and errors. Four basic total station functions allen precision. It also consists of a microprocessor with a memory unit which deals with recordings, readings. Some electronic total stations have an optoelectronic distance meter edm and electronic angle scanning. It is a combination of electronic theodolite and electromagnetic distance measuring edm instrument.

Advantages fundamental quantities measured parts and accessories working principle on board calculations field procedure errors and good practices in using total station gps surveying. The total station used for trigonometric leveling should be at least a onesecond angle and 1mm distance leastcount instrument with dualaxis compensation. The principle of operation is essentially the same for all types. Angles of triangles must not be less than 30 degree and greater than 120 degree. A total station consists of a theodolite with a builtin distance meter distancer, and so it can measure angles and distances at the same time. Set the target height from meas menu coordinate station orientation station coordinate. Introduction from the hydrographic point of view a topographic survey consists of a series of tasks carried out with the aim of determining the composition of those parts of the earths surface which emerge from the water. Pdf ce8351 surveying books, lecture notes, 2 marks with. The coded scales of the horizontal and vertical circles are scanned.

Their accuracy, precision and reliability forced centring a surveying technique where the tribrach is left on legs tripod when. Advantages of using total stations the following are some of the major advantages of using total station over the conventional surveying instruments. Data collected and processed in a total station can be downloaded to computers for further processing. A total station ts or total station theodolite tst is an electronicoptical instrument used for. Not on the survey mathematics or detailed electronics, but to provide. You may have to level the total station first as shown on screen. Click on either the linkbutton below to get the pdf file and read offline. At present, total station has been widely spread and used in many survey. Most total stations use purposebuilt glass prism surveying reflectors for the edm signal. It is carried out to the features such as hills, rivers, forests and man made features like villages, buildings, transmission lines and roads. A total station is an angle measuring device, also known as a theodolite. Leveling the total station leveling the total station must be accomplished to sufficient accuracy otherwise. Chain surveying is the basic and oldest type of surveying. Surveying notes pdf book starts with the topics distance measurement conventions and methods, theodolite, description, uses, and adjustments.

A total station is an electronicoptical instrument used in modern surveying and building construction that uses electronic transit theodolite in conjunction with electronic distance meter edm. It is an electronic transit theodolite integrated with electronic distance measurement edm to measure both vertical and horizontal angles and the slope distance from the instrument to a particular point, and an onboard computer to collect data. Finally, the data processed and stored in the total station can be downloaded to other computer systems, for archiving or distribution, or to be used with other applications such as mapping software. When total station is moved or transported, it must be in the case for most surveys, prior to observing distances and angles, the instrument must first be carefully set up over a specific point establish tripod over the point open the case and remove total station, placing it on the head of the tripod and attach securely total station setup. Total stations produce the same basic spherical measures as optical survey instruments. To perform the work completely its needed to go back to the office and perform drawings with particular software. Equilateral triangles are considered to be ideal triangles. Total station setup and operation university of south alabama. Although taping and theodolites are used regularly on site total stations are also used extensively in surveying, civil engineering and construction because they can measure both distances and angles. A practical project is used in an engineering surveying course to expose sophomore and junior civil engineering students to several important issues related to. Total station and its applications in surveying gis resources. Total station a total station integrates the functions of a theodolitefor measuring angles, an edm for measuring distances, digital data and information recording. The primary object of surveying is to prepare a plan or map to show the relative position of the objects on the surface of the earth. Todays electronic total stations all have an optoelectronic distance meter edm and electronic angle scanning.

These methods are total station ts, global positioning system gps, and terrestrial laser scaner tls. Satellite power station and microwave power transmission. Here in we have gathered some pdf lectures on surveying. Make sure you use the metric side of the tape measure if working with metric units. Surveying is a very important part of civil engineering. A total station has electronic documentation and sketching functions, which reduces the need for paper field notes. It is an imperative requirement in the planning and execution of nearly every form of construction. The worker cannot able to observe at the time of working because it complicates his work. These are some working notes to help people set up the leica tcr 305 for survey work. What we will do is assign in the total station the x and y coordinates of p1 and then swing the instrument so it is aligned to p2, and then assign the azimuth to this bearing. It is also integrated with microprocessor, electronic data collector and storage system the instrument is used to measure sloping distance of object to the. Set tripod and instrument with optical plumb almost over the station. Total station, gis and remote sensing now with oreilly online learning. Total station setup and operation university of south.

Total station is an equipment used in surveying, designed for measuring horizontal and vertical angles, inclusive of measuring sloping distance of object to the instrument. Introduction, electromagnetic spectrum, electromagnetic distance measurement, total station, digital selfleveling levels, scanners for topographical survey. This has to be done at the same time as described below. To locate a new station by at least two measurements linear or angular from fixed reference points. The uses, principles, classifications, and types of surveying. Microprocessor unit in total station processes the data collected to compute. It is a basic course for all universities for civil engineers. Satellite power station and microwave power transmission page link. Total stations with different accuracy, in angle measurement and different range of measurements are available in the market. Ce6404 surveying ii syllabus notes 2 marks with answers.

Total station is a combination of an electronic theodolite and an electronic distance meter edm. Modern positioning systems traversing and trilateration. A total station ts is an instrument which records three dimensional data directly on to a hard drive or memory card. Working with total station is not so easy, as more skilled surveyors are required to conduct a total station survey. For all surveying courses in programs including civil engineering. Here you can download the free lecture notes of surveying pdf notes, materials with multiple file links to download. Pdf ce6404 surveying ii books, lecture notes, 2marks. Concept of surveying definition of surveying, classification, principle, accuracy 2.

Oreilly members experience live online training, plus. Total station and its applications in surveying gis. Set the target height to the measured height of the mirror target. Principles and methods of surveying in civil engineering. Working principle of a wastewater or sewage lift station 2. Lecture 30 modern surveying instrument total station. Total station is a compact instrument and weighs 50 to 55 n. How to do manual i will try and explain the positionazimuth. To check the survey work thoroughly it would be necessary to come back to the office and prepare the drawings by using the right. It achieves this by using electromagnetic distance measurement edm which is achieved by sending a signal or pulse to a target and data is.

This means you only need one operator and can perform far more calculations and inspections in less time than with a traditional total station. It might be troublesome for the surveyor to investigate and check the work when surveying. Achieve the highest accuracy and reliability with our productive total stations that provide superb angle and distance technology and a powerful suite of onboard apps. Total station in surveying operation, uses and advantages. Total station advantages and disadvantages of total station. Electronic distance measuring edm instrument is a major part of total station. Total station is a surveying equipment combination of electromagnetic distance measuring instrument and electronic theodolite for. Total station the total station is an improvised version of modern surveying instruments such as edmi, auto level and digital level. A total station is a combination of an electronic theodolite, an electronic distance measuring device edm and a micro processor with memory unit. According to the first principle, the whole area is first enclosed by main stations i.

This surveying principle involves laying down an overall. A typical total station is shown in the figure below. A total station consists of a theodolite with a builtin distance meter, enabling it to simultaneously measure angles and distances and determine the positions and heights of points. Surveying, defined surveying can be defined as 1 the science and art of making all essential measurements in space to determine the relative positions and points andor physical and cultural details above, on, or beneath the earths surface and to depict them in usable form, or to establish the. The total station used should have a minimum din accuracy of two seconds angle and. Different segments space, control and user segments satellite configuration signal structure orbit.

Measuring principle, working principle, sources of error, microwave total station instruments. From then on all point measurements will be set according to utm. The internal mechanism is in the same way an edm works with a laser and a sensor. This is the clearest, easiest to understand, and most useful introduction to surveying as it is practiced today. The surveyor will locate the total station accurately over each traverse station in turn and will measure the horizontal angles as indicated in figure 6 below.

Examples of total stations are the nikon dtm 801, topcon and geodimeter400 series examples of usage general purpose angle and distance measurements. Given the coordinate of the instrument position and bearing of a. A total station is an electronicoptical instrument used in modern surveying. Comparis on between electrooptical and microwave system. The principle of the measurement device, edm, which is currently used, is that it. It is also used by archaeologists to record excavations as well as by police, crime scene investigators, private accident reconstructionists and insurance companies to take measurements of scenes. The principle involved in chain survey is of triangulation. Surveying principles and methods in civil engineering surveying is the process of determining relative positions of different objects on the surface of the earth by measuring horizontal distances between them and preparing a map to any suitable scale. This combination makes possible to determine the coordinates of a reflector aligning the instruments cross hairs on the reflector and simultaneously measuring the vertical and horizontal angles and. A total station ts or total station theodolite tst is an electronicoptical instrument used for surveying and building construction.

Working principle of total stationadvanced surveying. Level the instrument on the desired starting survey marker. Surveying with gps, total station and terresterial laser. Total stations are developed in view of the maximal convenience of work of the user. Chapter 3 surveying equipment, measurements and errors wsdot. Related with water bodies like low water level, high flood level etc. Surveying the area of a mining site would require relative coordinates, therefore, the initial instrument. This implies a precise control surveying as the first consideration followed by subsidiary detail surveying. Simple in concept, a robotic total station rts is a total station that allows remote operation. Surveying has been an essential element in the development of the human environment for so many centuries. The total station a total station consists of a theodolite with a builtin distance meter distancer, and so it can measure angles and distances at the same time.